1. What is the difference between a relaxer and a perm? How do they affect the hair structure and

texture?

- A relaxer is a chemical process that straightens curly or wavy hair by breaking the disulfide

bonds in the cortex. A perm is a chemical process that curls straight or limp hair by creating new

disulfide bonds in the cortex. Both processes alter the hair structure and texture permanently,

unless the hair is cut off or relaxed/curled again.

2. What are the three types of hair color products? How do they differ in terms of color

penetration, duration, and maintenance?

- The three types of hair color products are temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent.

Temporary hair color products coat the cuticle and wash out with shampooing. They do not

penetrate the cortex or change the natural pigment. Semi-permanent hair color products deposit

color on the cuticle and partially penetrate the cortex. They last for several shampooings and

gradually fade. They do not lighten the natural pigment or require a developer. Permanent hair

color products penetrate the cortex and change the natural pigment. They last until the hair grows

out or is recolored. They require a developer and can lighten or darken the natural pigment.

3. What are the four basic skin types? What are their characteristics and how should they be

treated?

- The four basic skin types are normal, dry, oily, and combination. Normal skin is well-balanced,

smooth, and supple. It has fine pores, good blood circulation, and no blemishes. It should be

cleansed, toned, moisturized, and protected daily. Dry skin is tight, flaky, and dull. It has small

pores, poor sebum production, and prone to wrinkles. It should be cleansed gently, toned with a

hydrating toner, moisturized with a rich cream, and protected with sunscreen. Oily skin is shiny,

greasy, and thick. It has large pores, excessive sebum production, and prone to acne. It should be

cleansed thoroughly, toned with an astringent toner, moisturized with a light lotion or gel, and

protected with an oil-free sunscreen. Combination skin is a mixture of dry and oily areas. It has

normal to dry cheeks and oily T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin). It should be cleansed according

to the area's needs, toned with a balancing toner, moisturized with different products for different

areas, and protected with sunscreen.