1. What is the primary purpose of a firewall in a network security infrastructure? A. To serve as a web server B. To monitor outbound traffic C. To filter incoming and outgoing network traffic D. To provide a user interface for network resources Answer: C. To filter incoming and outgoing network traffic Rationale: A firewall is designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on an applied rule set. 2. Which of the following is a common indicator of a phishing attempt? A. An email from a known colleague asking for a meeting B. A public Wi-Fi network requiring no password C. An unsolicited email requesting sensitive information D. Regular system updates from the IT department Answer: C. An unsolicited email requesting sensitive information Rationale: Phishing attacks often involve unsolicited emails that attempt to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or credit card numbers. 3. In the context of cybersecurity, what does the term 'white hat' refer to? A. A malicious hacker B. A cybersecurity professional who practices ethical hacking C. A type of malware D. A security vulnerability Answer: B. A cybersecurity professional who practices ethical hacking Rationale: 'White hat' refers to ethical hackers who use their skills to help organizations improve their security posture by identifying vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors. 4. What is the main difference between a virus and a worm? A. A virus is self-replicating, while a worm is not B. A worm is self-replicating, while a virus is not C. A virus causes harm to the system, while a worm does not D. A worm requires user interaction to spread, while a virus does not Answer: B. A worm is self-replicating, while a virus is not