1. What is the primary influence on early childhood cognitive development according to Jean Piaget's theory? - A) Sensorimotor interaction - B) Preoperational thought - C) Concrete operations - D) Formal operations Answer: A) Sensorimotor interaction Rationale: According to Piaget, early childhood cognitive development is primarily influenced by sensorimotor interaction, where infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. 2. During which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development does the conflict of trust versus mistrust occur? - A) Infancy - B) Early Childhood - C) Adolescence - D) Young Adulthood Answer: A) Infancy Rationale: Erikson's first stage, occurring in infancy, focuses on developing trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this leads to mistrust. 3. Which hormone is responsible for the growth spurt during puberty? - A) Estrogen - B) Testosterone - C) Growth hormone - D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone Answer: C) Growth hormone Rationale: Growth hormone plays a significant role in the growth spurt during puberty, along with sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. 4. What is the term for the ability to think about one's own thought processes? - A) Metacognition - B) Abstract reasoning - C) Deductive reasoning - D) Concrete operations