1. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely to be found in a hospital setting and poses a high risk for nosocomial infections? A. Escherichia coli B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Bacillus cereus D. Streptococcus pneumoniae Answer: B. Rationale: Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections due to its resistance to antibiotics and its ability to survive on surfaces. 2. When considering the use of antibiotics in treatment, what is the primary concern for nursing staff regarding microbial resistance? A. Cost of antibiotic treatment B. Availability of antibiotics C. Potential for allergic reactions D. Development of resistant strains Answer: D. Rationale: The development of resistant strains of microorganisms is a significant concern, as it can lead to ineffective treatment and spread of resistant infections. 3. In a patient with a suspected bacterial infection, what is the most important step to ensure effective treatment? A. Administering broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately B. Waiting for symptoms to improve before treatment C. Obtaining a sample for culture and sensitivity testing D. Starting antiviral medications as a precaution Answer: C. Rationale: Obtaining a sample for culture and sensitivity ensures that the correct pathogen is identified and the most effective antibiotic is chosen for treatment. 4. Which of the following best describes the role of normal flora in the human body? A. They are harmful and should be eliminated. B. They compete with pathogens and provide a defense mechanism. C. They have no significant role and are simply present. D. They are only found on the skin and not in other parts of the body. Answer: B. Rationale: Normal flora competes with pathogens for