On the PDCA Dairy Cow Score Care, the category "feet and legs" accounts for how many points? - ✔✔15 Which one of the following is the largest dairy milk marketing cooperative in the US? - ✔✔Dairy Farmers of America When comparing bulls for artificial insemination, what does "SCR" stand for? - ✔✔Sire Conception Rate Which one of the following is not classified as a water-soluble vitamin? - ✔✔Vitamin A When using sexed semen, conception rates are about what percent of the conception rates achieved when using unsexed semen under the same conditions? - ✔✔80% In the ruminant digestive system, which of the following is the name of the first section of the small intestine that is connecting to the abomasum? - ✔✔duodenum Research has shown that by formulating lactating cow rations with proper amounts of certain amino acids, we can decrease the crude protein content of the ration and reduce which of the following? - ✔✔nitrogen excretion to the environment In order to prevent bloat, the feed additive Poloxalene is often added to feed rations for cows that are grazing. Which of the following grazed forages are most likely to cause bloat? - ✔✔alfalfa and clover Rumen bacteria enable dairy cattle to utilize which feed supplement? - ✔✔urea Heritability for milk production in dairy cattle is: - ✔✔30% If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, the pregnancy rate is: - ✔✔9% Which of the following are the three primary volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced in the rumen? - ✔✔acetate, propionate, and butyrate Which of the following is an infectious disease? - ✔✔ringworm What female hormone causes follicles to begin development? - ✔✔follicle stimulating hormone In dairy cows, what is the name of the disease caused by the organisms Staph, Aureus, Strep, Uberis and Klebisella? - ✔✔mastitis What stomach compartments are not developed in a newborn calf? - ✔✔rumen and reticulum When compared to normal corn silage, brown mid-rib corn silage has more energy and higher digestibility. This is largely due to its lower content of what? - ✔✔lignin Which of the following describes biotin? - ✔✔a B-vitamin Material used in a footbath for cows with foot rot problems is: - ✔✔copper sulfate Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? - ✔✔400 to 500 gallons Subcutaneous injections are placed: - ✔✔under the skin Which of the following has the greatest impact on improving producer income? - ✔✔decreasing SCC What class of nutrients are the highest in energy? - ✔✔fats The normal lactation of dairy cows is how many days? - ✔✔305 What direction should calf hutches face in the winter? - ✔✔south Milking time is best reduced by: - ✔✔preparing cows properly How many hours does the egg have a fertile life after it is released before it must be fertilized? - ✔✔6- 10 hours Generally, which group of animals on the farm will have the best genetics? - ✔✔calves Which of the following describes the Cooperatives Working Together (CWT) program? - ✔✔A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices Which dairy product's minimum fat percentage is 80%? - ✔✔butter Which one of the following components of a corn plant is not digestible by the dairy cow? - ✔✔lignin Which of the following is the name of the term for a farm's unique identification number that is part of the National Animal Identification System? - ✔✔premises ID Which of these breeds is from the English Channel Islands and known for producing milk highest in protein and fat? - ✔✔Jersey Which compartment of the ruminant stomach functions in a similar manner as the human stomach? - ✔✔Abomasum The Pasteurized Milk Ordinance is the rulebook for: - ✔✔Producers who sell Grade A milk Which of the these breeds is known for producing golden-colored milk? - ✔✔Guernsey Sexed semen is best used on virgin heifers. How many times should you breed them with it before trying something else? - ✔✔once Milk used for butter production would be classified as what? - ✔✔Class IV What major category on the current PDCA Unified Dairy Scorecard contains breed characteristics? - ✔✔Frame Phenotype is defined as the combined effects of genetics and what other component? - ✔✔environment Injection site lesions and carcass bruises lower the value of cows at market and hurt cow prices. Ideally, where should intramuscular injections be given to prevent lesions? - ✔✔in the neck or shoulder Manure digesters produce what gas which can be converted into electricity? - ✔✔methane How long after birth will calves absorb immunoglobins from colostrum? - ✔✔24 hours What percent of US dairies have more than 500 cows? - ✔✔4.20% Using a bull that has a good proof for productive life will probably not improve which of these traits? - ✔✔milk production Ethanol fuel is produced from which of these crops? - ✔✔corn What is the most common bacterium causing chronic mastitis? - ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus Cows excrete how many pounds of manure for every pound of milk produced? - ✔✔2 How many amino acids are considered to be essential in the dairy cow, and therefore are required in the diet? - ✔✔10 Beef producers pay a one dollar per head checkoff for each beef animal sold at market. How much do dairy producers pay for each cull dairy cow that is sent to market? - ✔✔$1 Which one of the following is the name of the blister-like structure on the ovary that contains the egg before ovulation? - ✔✔follicle What do we call the first streams of milk stripped from the udder prior to milking? - ✔✔foremilk SPC is a measure of bacteria counts in milk. What do the letters in SPC stand for? - ✔✔standard plate count During which one of the following times of the year is the consumer demand for dairy products typically the lowest? - ✔✔summer Calves need to be fed how much colostrum within their first 12 hours? - ✔✔four quarts What is the process called whereby fat globules are broken down to a small, uniform size? - ✔✔homogenization When a herd develops a low milk fat test, the cause is often a deficiency of: - ✔✔effective fiber Five hundred (500) pounds of whole milk should yield about how many pounds of cheese? - ✔✔50 In a newborn calf, which stomach compartment is the largest in size (as a percentage of the total stomach capacity)? - ✔✔Abomasum