1. Anna is a 15-year-old girl who has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.

She has a distorted body image and believes that she is overweight, even

though she is severely underweight. She restricts her food intake and

exercises excessively. Her parents are worried about her health and want her

to seek professional help. According to the biopsychosocial model of

anorexia nervosa, which of the following factors are likely to contribute to

Anna's condition?

a) Genetic predisposition, peer pressure, and perfectionism

b) Hormonal imbalance, family conflict, and low self-esteem

c) Neurotransmitter dysfunction, media influence, and cognitive distortion

d) *All of the above*

Rationale: The biopsychosocial model of anorexia nervosa suggests that

biological, psychological, and social factors interact to cause and maintain

the disorder. Anna may have a genetic vulnerability to developing anorexia

nervosa, as well as hormonal and neurotransmitter imbalances that affect her

appetite and mood. She may also face psychological challenges such as peer

pressure, media influence, family conflict, perfectionism, low self-esteem,

and cognitive distortion that influence her body image and eating behavior.

2. Ben is a 16-year-old boy who has been experiencing mood swings,

irritability, and loss of interest in his usual activities for the past few

months. He often feels hopeless and worthless, and has trouble sleeping and

concentrating. He sometimes thinks about harming himself or ending his

life. Ben is most likely suffering from:

a) *Major depressive disorder*

b) Bipolar disorder

c) Oppositional defiant disorder

d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Rationale: Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent and

pervasive feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness that interfere with

daily functioning. Ben's symptoms match the diagnostic criteria for major

depressive disorder, which include depressed mood, loss of interest or

pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor

agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness

or guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of