1. A nurse is reviewing the cause of gout with a group of nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Uric acid levels drop and calcium forms precipitate." Rationale:With gout, clients have hyperuricemia, rather than a reduction in uric acid. B. "Tophi form in the kidneys and they impair the excretion of uric acid." Rationale:Tophi, or deposits in tissues near a joint, develop in chronic, late-stage gout. They are not part of the primary disease process. C. "The intra-articular deposition of urate crystals causes inflammation." Rationale: Gout, or gouty arthritis, develops when urate crystals deposit in joints and tissues and cause inflammation and pain. D. "Articular cartilage thins, leading to splitting and fragmentation." Rationale: Gout does not thin and fragment cartilage. 2. A nurse is teaching a group of clients about osteoarthritis. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Use Echinacea to manage joint pain. Rationale: The nurse may include the use of complementary and alternative therapies in the teaching. However, Echinacea is used for the treatment of the common cold, not osteoarthritis. Alternative therapies that are used for osteoarthritis include glucosamine, chondroitin, and topical capsaicin. B. Apply ice to the joint before exercising. Rationale:The nurse should recommend that the clients begin exercising immediately following the application of heat. This reduces pain and improves mobility, allowing for increased range-of-motion during exercises. Cold application may be applied following exercise to decrease discomfort and inflammation. C. Maintain a recommended body weight. Rationale: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. Maintenance of an ideal weight is one way a client can prevent added wear and tear on joints and promote overall joint health. D. Reduce the amount of purine in the diet. Rationale: The nurse should recognize that limiting purine in the diet, which is often found in organ meats, is recommended for clients who have gout. 3. A nurse is caring for a client who has had a myocardial infarction. Upon his first visit to cardiac rehabilitation, he tells the nurse that he doesn't understand why he needs to be there because there is nothing more to do, as the