1. A 45-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus

and hypertension is admitted to the hospital with a diabetic

foot ulcer. He is prescribed a low-sodium, low-fat, highfiber diet. Which of the following foods should he avoid?

a) Whole wheat bread

b) Fresh fruits and vegetables

c) Lean meat and fish

d) Canned soup and cheese*

Rationale: Canned soup and cheese are high in sodium and

fat, which can worsen hypertension and increase the risk of

cardiovascular complications.

2. A 65-year-old female patient with chronic kidney

disease (CKD) and anemia is undergoing hemodialysis

three times a week. She is advised to follow a renal diet

that restricts protein, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium

intake. Which of the following foods should she limit?

a) Eggs and dairy products*

b) Rice and pasta

c) Bread and cereals

d) Apples and grapes

Rationale: Eggs and dairy products are high in protein,

which can increase the workload of the kidneys and cause

uremia. They are also high in phosphorus, which can cause

hyperphosphatemia and bone loss.

3. A 25-year-old female patient with celiac disease is

experiencing abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and