1. What are the four phases of emergency management and what are the main activities in each phase? Answer: The four phases of emergency management are mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Mitigation involves reducing the risk and impact of disasters through prevention, protection and resilience measures. Preparedness involves planning, training, exercising and equipping for effective response to emergencies. Response involves mobilizing resources, coordinating actions and providing assistance to affected populations during and immediately after an emergency. Recovery involves restoring normal functions, repairing damages and improving conditions after an emergency. 2. What are the key components of a hospital emergency operations plan (EOP) and what are their purposes? Answer: A hospital EOP is a document that describes how a hospital will respond to various types of emergencies that may affect its operations, staff, patients and community. The key components of a hospital EOP are the following: - The scope, objectives and assumptions of the plan - The roles and responsibilities of the hospital incident command system (HICS) and other internal and external stakeholders - The activation and deactivation procedures of the plan - The communication and information management protocols - The resource management strategies - The continuity of operations and essential functions - The safety and security measures - The public health and medical surge capacity - The psychosocial support and mental health services - The evaluation and improvement processes The purposes of a hospital EOP are to: - Provide a common framework and guidance for emergency response - Enhance coordination and collaboration among hospital departments and external partners - Ensure the safety and well-being of staff, patients and visitors - Minimize disruptions to normal operations and services - Maximize the use of available resources and capabilities - Support the recovery and restoration of the hospital 3. What are the main principles of triage in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and what are the common triage systems used in health care settings? Answer: Triage is the process of sorting and prioritizing patients based on their severity of injury, urgency of treatment and likelihood of survival in MCIs. The main principles of triage are to: - Do the greatest good for the greatest number of people