What are the three systems where the effects of lead are most dangerous? - answer>> 1. the central and peripheral nervous systems 2. the cardiovascular system, including the blood forming system 3. the kidneys What is the allowable CDC quantity of lead in blood for children? - answer>>in 2012, the CDC reduced the levels to 5 µg/dL renaming the level as child blood lead reference value (BLRV) which has been further reduced to 3.5 µg/dL on 10/29/2021. What is the allowable OSHA quantity of lead in blood? - answer>>OSHA has established an allowable blood level of 40 µg/dL, while a blood level of 50 µg/dL requires that the worker be removed from the lead exposed work place. What is the allowable NIOSH/CDC quantity of lead in blood? - answer>>25 µg/dL Exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause? - answer>>Retardation Convulsions Coma Death What are the most common routes of exposure to lead in children and adults - answer>>Inhalation and digestion What do lead based paint inspections focus on? - answer>>they focus attention on the sources of lead that could poison children and reduce the cost of lead hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with lead-based paint. What happens once lead enters the body? - answer>>once in the body, lead is distributed by the bloodstream to red blood cells, soft tissue, and bone. Lead is eliminated very slowly from the body by the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract; very very tiny amounts of lead are lost through perspiration What is acute lead poisoning? - answer>>Acute exposure to lead generally means exposure for a short time, but at high levels. Some symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, damage to the brain and central nervous system, fatigue, irritability, weakness, and muscle pain. What is chronic lead poisoning? - answer>>Chronic lead exposure generally means exposure to low to moderate levels of lead over a long period of time. Symptoms include: impaired blood formation, high blood pressure, changes in the nervous system, drooping hand/foot, reproductive complications, damage to developing fetus. what is chelation? - answer>>Chelation is the process by which lead is removed from a person's body by the use of medication. Chelating agents irreversibly bind the lead circulating in the bloodstream so that the lead is excreted through the person's urinary system or liver and gastrointestinal tract. Chelation is used ONLY in cases of high levels of blood lead under the care of a medical specialist since there are serious side effects. Over the last two decades the federal government has taken a number of key actions to reduce risks associated with lead exposures. The government has: - answer>>1. banned the use of lead in house paint 2. banned the use of lead in the solder and pipes used in public drinking water systems 3. banned the use of leaded solder in food cans 4. virtually removed lead from gasoline; issued new standards for drinking water; 5. issues interim guidance on hazardous levels of lead in soil household dust; established in training and certification regulations What happened in 1978? - answer>>CPSC, acting under the authority of the consumer product safety act, banned the sale of lead-based paint to consumers and the use of lead-based paint in residences, on other areas where consumers have direct access to painted surfaces, and on toys and furniture; What happened in 1992? - answer>>Title X of the 1992 housing and community development act (the residential lead-based paint Hazard reduction act). Title X mandates an inspection and abatement of lead-based paint hazards in residential properties constructed prior to 1960 and an inspection and disclosure of lead-based paint hazards for properties constructed between 1960-1978 What happened in 2021? - answer>>CDC reduced the child blood lead reference value to 3.5 µg/dL What are 3 examples of prohibited methods of paint removal? - answer>>open flame/torching, machine grinding or sanding, abrasive blasting or sandblasting without HEPA local Exhaust control, heat guns above 1,100 degrees, paint stripping in a poorly ventilated area. When are some housing exempted from the disclosure rule? - answer>>1. target housing sold at foreclosure 2. zero-bedroom units 3. short-term rentals 4. housing specifically for elderly or handicapped What is the definition of "lead-based paint free"? - answer>>For the purpose of this rule, EPA and HUD have defined lead based paint free housing as target housing that has been found to be free of paint or other surface coating that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 mg/cm^2 or 0.5% percent by weight Child-occupied facilities are defined as... - answer>>a building or portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited by the same child, 6 years of age or younger, on at LEAST 2 different days within any week, provided that each days visit last at LEAST 3 hours, the combined weekly visits last at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Ex. day-care center, housing, pre-school, kindergarten classroom What is a PEL? - answer>>A PEL is the maximum exposure limit to a contaminant. THE pel under OSHA is 50 µg/m^3