1. The Framingham study was a: Prospective cohort study. 2. Who evaluated the Bills of Mortality? John Graunt 3. Who showed that poor diet could result in scurvy? James Lind 4. A cause of disease is an event, condition, or characteristic that preceded the disease and without which the disease would either not have occurred or would have occurred later. Tru e 5. How much of the increase in U.S. life expectancy since the 20th century can be attributed to public health improvements? 83 % 6. A prevalence survey conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2003 identified 580 new cases of tuberculosis in a city of 2 million persons. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in this population has historically been 1 per 4,000 persons each year. What is the incident rate of tuberculosis per 100,000 persons in 2003? First find the incident rate - 580 / 2 millions = 0.00029 Second fine the desired incident rate per 100,000 = 0.0029 = x / 100,000 = 29 cases 7. The population of a city on February 15, 2005, was 36,600. The city has a passive surveillance system that collects hospital and private physician reports of influenza cases every month. During the period between January 1 and April 1, 2005, 2,200 new cases of influenza occurred in the city. Of these cases, 775 persons were ill with influenza according to surveillance reports on April 1, 2005. The monthly incidence rate of active cases of influenza for the 3-month period was 20 per 1,000 population