Both physical growth and acquisition of new motorskills slow somewhat during toddler yrs

• Height and weight continue to ↑ steadily but slower than infancy growth happens in

spurts rather than linearly step-like growth

• Averages weight at 2 y/o is 26lbs and height is 34 inches

• Dentition primary teeth in place (start to get teeth at 6 months) teach them to brush

their teeth and maybe floss, you’ll have to help them pg. 1010 read more

• Avg toddler weight gain 1.36 to 2.27kg (3 to 5lbs)/year length/height ↑ an avg of 7.62

cm (3 inches)/year head circumference ↑ about 2.54 cm (1 in) and then ↑an avg of of

1.27 cm (0.5 in)/year until 5 y/o head size becomes more proportional to rest of body

near 3 y/o

• Toddlers generally reach half their adult height by 2 y/o

Major Toddler Tasks

• Differentiation ofself from significant others

• Toleratesseparation from parent

• Ability to withstand delayed gratification

• Control over bodily functions

• Acquisition ofsocially acceptable behavior

• Verbal means of communication

• Ability to interact w/others in a less egocentric manner

• Speak 100-200 words

Physiological Systems

• Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is usually complete around 24 months improved

coordination and ability to exercise sphincter control for bladder and bowel mastery

• HR ↓ and BP ↑ in toddlerhood

• Urine output should be 1 mL/kg/hr urethra still remains short making them for

susceptible to UTIs than adults (male and female)

• ↑ ability to maintain body temp body is becoming more proportional

• they start to produce antibodies against infections

Psychosocial Development pg. 994

• Erickson defines the toddler period as a time of autonomy versus shame and doubt it’s a

time of exerting independence

• The toddler is struggling forself-mastery and to do for themselves what others have been

doing for them

• They may quickly chg from happy and pleasant to crying and screaming

• Exertion of independence results in toddler’s fav response “no” will answer “no” even if

they mean “yes”

• Separation anxiety in a place can cope w/brief separation leave something importantto

you w/the child “watch my sweater, don’t let anyone take it and I’ll be back”

• Coping mechanisms

o Regression returns to prev behavior