Question 1 1.1 Discuss what is meant by the following: a) Modern democracy (3) Modern democracy refers to a system of government in which the people have a say in the decisions that affect their lives. It is characterized by free and fair elections, political participation, protection of human rights, and the rule of law. b) Citizenship education (3) Citizenship education is the process of educating individuals about their rights, responsibilities, and duties as citizens of a particular country. It aims to encourage active participation in civic and political life, and to promote values such as tolerance, equality, and respect for diversity. 1.2 Discuss the two types of citizenship education, and indicate which approach (active or passive) you think is the best one for learners. Substantiate your answer. (10) There are two main types of citizenship education: active and passive. Active citizenship education focuses on empowering individuals to actively engage in their community and participate in democratic processes. It includes teaching critical thinking skills, promoting social activism, and encouraging participation in decisionmaking processes. This approach emphasizes the importance of citizens taking an active role in shaping their society and advocating for change. Passive citizenship education, on the other hand, focuses on providing individuals with knowledge about their rights and duties as citizens, without necessarily encouraging them to actively participate in civic life. This approach may involve teaching the legal and historical aspects of citizenship, but may not emphasize the importance of active engagement in political and social issues. In my opinion, the active approach to citizenship education is the best one for learners. It empowers individuals to become informed, responsible, and engaged citizens who are able to critically analyze and contribute to the society in which they live. By promoting active participation and critical thinking, learners are better equipped to address social issues, make informed decisions, and contribute to a more just and equitable society