Chapter 1 Organisation of the Body 1. Which of the listed terms is described by: “All the chemical processes that take place in the organelles and cytoplasm the cells of the body”? A. Metabolism B. Cellular respiration 2 1 Organisation of the Body C. Homeostasis D. Physiology Answer is A: The quoted statement is a definition of metabolism. 2. Which major organ lies deep to the right hypochondriac region? A. The stomach B. The spleen C. The liver D. The duodenum Answer is C: Hypochondriac = below the rib cartilage; liver is located mostly on the right side. 3. Which plane of the body divides it into dorsal and ventral regions? A. Transverse B. Axial C. Coronal D. Sagittal Answer is C: Dorsal and ventral = front and back – a coronal section so divides the body into these sections. 4. To which of the following doesthe “tissue level” ofstructural organisation refer? A. Atoms, ions, molecules and electrolytes B. Mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum C. Nephron, alveolus, villus, lobule D. Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial Answer is D: The listed structures are the four major tissue types. 5. The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following? A. Cephalic B. Ventral C. Closer to the top of the head D. Closer to the skin surface Answer is C: Cephalic refers to the head region, while superior refers to being closer to the head than is the other anatomical structure in question. 6. Which of the following is the best definition of physiology? A. The microscopic study of tissues and cells B. The study of how the body works C. All the chemical processes that take place in the organelles of the body’s cells D. The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment Answer is B: Physiology is indeed the study of how the (healthy) body functions. 1 Organisation of the Body 3 7. The “anatomical position” could be described as which of the following? A. Lying down prone B. Lying down supine C. Standing displaying the ventral surface of the body D. Standing with arms and legs abducted Answer is C: This is the best answer. Standing is required, as is having the arms hanging parallel to the sides, with palms facing forward. 8. Which choice best describes the location of the majority of the musculoskeletal system? A. It is in the dorsal cavity B. It is in the ventral cavity C. It is in the abdominopelvic cavity D. It is not located in a body cavity Answer is D: The musculoskeletal system is located in the arms and legs, and surrounding, but outside of the abdominopelvic, the thoracic and the dorsal cavities. 9. Which of the following is/are the contents of the ventral cavity? A. Heart and lungs B. Brain and spinal cord C. Viscera D. Gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs Answer is C: This is the best answer. It is a collective term for all organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. 10. Which of the stated relationships is correct? A. The heart is inferior to the clavicle B. The shoulder is distal to the carpals C. The phalanges are proximal to the metacarpals D. The eye is medial to the eyebrows Answer is A: The heart is indeed below (inferior) to the clavicle. All other choices are wrong. 11. Which of the following is/are the contents of the dorsal body cavity? A. Heart and lungs B. Brain and spinal cord C. Viscera D. Gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs Answer is B: Dorsal refers to the back, the cavity enclosed by the skull and vertebrae.