Final Exam: NR228 / NR 228 (2024/2025 Update) Nutrition Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | Grade A-Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR228 / NR 228 (2024/2025 Update) Nutrition Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | Grade AChamberlain Q: Forms of digestion Answer: Chemical digestion occurs when enzymes begin to break down food. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is torn and macerated by teeth Q: Role of the stomach in digestion Answer: -Mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in all parts of the stomach -Parietal glands secrete Hydrochloric acid (HCl) to further break down the bolus into chyme -HCl lowers the stomach pH, which aids in nutrient absorption -vagus nerve is responsible for gastric peristalsis and the opening of the pyloric sphincter -vagus nerve controls how long the bolus is held in the stomach before it passes into the small intestine as chyme -type of food that is digested will affect the vagus nerve response time -high-fat foods are held in the stomach longer -It takes approximately 5 hours for food to move through the stomach into the small intestine Q: Role of Digestive Organs in digestion Answer: -pancreas and liver both produce bile and enzymes needed to further break the food down into individual components -gallbladder stores the bile produced by the liver to offer a larger amount of bile all at once to help with digesting fats -Both the pancreatic enzymes and the bile are expressed through the same duct into the duodenum Q: Role of Small Intestine in digestion Answer: -Once chyme enters the small intestine, the pancreas and liver will release enzymes to further assist with digestion -Bile is secreted from the gallbladder into the small intestine to further break down fats -Bile is made in the liver -At this point in the digestive process, the nutrients are still outside the body -Nutrients now must pass through the intestine wall and make their way to the cells Q: Role of Large Intestines in digestion Answer: -absorbs fluid from food byproducts -This causes the stool to harden into the form of the large intestine -As peristalsis moves the stool through the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, the stool becomes more formed in preparation for expulsion from the body -The pressure exerted on the intestinal walls by the packed stool causes the urge to defecate -excretes dead cells, water, bacteria, dietary fibers, pigments, and dyes Q: Nutrients that travel to their destinations via the bloodstream are Answer: -proteins -carbohydrates -fats -vitamins -minerals Q: Nutrients that travel to their destination via the lymphatic system are Answer: -large lipids -fat-soluble vitamins Q: Which nutrients are absorbed in the Stomach, Small Intestines, and the Large Intestines(colon) and what would malabsorption of these nutrients cause? Answer: Stomach -Water= dehydration Small intestine -Fat-soluble vitamins: ADEK= hair loss, muscle weakness, tremors, vision difficulties -Folate= depression -Calcium= osteoporosis -Iron = clubbing of nails, pallor, fatigue -Proteins= delayed wound healing, fatigue Colon - large intestine -Water= dry lips and skin -Some vitamins -Sodium= lethargic, confusion Q: Social Determinants of Health: Economic Stability Answer: -Assess the client's em- ployment and their ability to purchase food to maintain a healthy diet -The ability to consistently acquire food is the most critical social determinant influencing healthy eating Q: Social Determinants of Health: Neighborhood and Physical EnvironmentAnswer: Assess the client's neighborhood for access to parks and activities for the client to stay active Q: Social Determinants of Health: Education: Health Literacy Answer: Assess if the client has the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information Q: Social Determinants of Health: Community and Social Context Answer: Assess the client's community support structure, such as community gardens Q: Social Determinants of Health: Food Answer: Assess the client's access to healthy food options Q: Social Determinants of Health: Healthcare System Answer: Assess the client's ac- cess to healthcare resources such as dietitians, personal trainers, or nutritionists Q: MyPlate Answer: -help individuals choose portion sizes and healthy foods -goal is to advance and promote dietary guidance for all Americans, and to conduct applied research and analysis in nutrition and consumer economics -A food plate divided into fruits, grains, vegetables, protein, and dairy Q: Fruits Answer: -Use canned or frozen when fresh fruit is not available -Fruits provide added fiber and minerals to your diet -Make half your plate with fruits and vegetables