Final Exam: NR503/ NR 503 (2023/ 2024 Update) Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles Exam Review | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR503/ NR 503 (2023/ 2024

Update) Population Health, Epidemiology &

Statistical Principles Exam Review |

Complete Guide with Questions and Verified

Answers| 100% Correct| Grade AChamberlain

Q: The World Health Organization defines a pandemic

Answer:

as a global epidemic that spreads to more than one continent (WHO, 2009). One of the more

recent pandemics that you might be familiar with is the H1N1 influenza outbreak of 2009.

Q: Outbreak

Answer:

the occurrence of disease within persons in excess of what would normally be expected in a

clearly defined community, location, or time of year. An outbreak may only last for a matter of

days or weeks, but may last for years

Q: Quarantine

Answer:

the separation and restriction of the movement of people who were or are exposed to a

contagious disease for a set period of time, to see whether they become ill

Q: Antigenic drift

Answer:

is a term describing the changes that occur within virus's ribonucleic acid that changes the virus.

Typically, these changes create seasonal changes or new strains of a virus

Q: WHO Pandemic Phases

Answer:

Phase 1—None of the current viruses circulating in animals have been reported to cause

infection in humans.

Phase 2—An animal-based influenza virus is known to have caused infection in humans and is

considered a potential pandemic threat.

Phase 3—An animal- or human-animal-based virus has caused some clusters of cases in people,

but has not caused human-to-human transmission that is significant enough to cause communitylevel outbreaks.

Phase 4—Human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal virus is causing

community outbreaks and sustained disease. This is a significant shift in risk and any country

with such an outbreak should consult with WHO.

Phase 5—There is human-to-human spread of the virus in at least two countries. This phase

means that pandemic is imminent and that community action and implementation of planned

mitigation procedures is needed.

Phase 6—This is the pandemic phase, characterized by outbreaks in more than one WHO

defined region in addition to all Phase 5 criteria (WHO, 2009)

Q: Phase 1

Answer:

None of the current viruses circulating in animals have been reported to cause infection in

humans.

Q: Phase 2

Answer:

An animal-based influenza virus is known to have caused infection in humans and is considered

a potential pandemic threat.

Q: Phase 3

Answer:

An animal- or human-animal-based virus has caused some clusters of cases in people, but has not

caused human-to-human transmission that is significant enough to cause community-level

outbreaks.

Q: Phase 4

Answer:

Human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal virus is causing community

outbreaks and sustained disease. This is a significant shift in risk and any country with such an

outbreak should consult with WHO.

Q: Phase 5

Answer:

There is human-to-human spread of the virus in at least two countries. This phase means that

pandemic is imminent and that community action and implementation of planned mitigation

procedures is needed.

Q: Phase 6

Answer:

This is the pandemic phase, characterized by outbreaks in more than one WHO defined region in

addition to all Phase 5 criteria (WHO, 2009).

Q: Pandemic Severity Index

Answer:

Category 1—case fatality ratio of less than 0.1% and fewer than 90,000 U.S. deaths

Category 2—0.1%-0.5?se fatality ratio and 90,000-450,000 U.S. deaths

Category 3- 0.5%—1?se fatality ratio and 450,000-900,000 U.S. deaths

Category 4—1-2?se fatality ratio and 900,000-1.8 million U.S. deaths

Category 5—greater than 2?se fatality ratio and more than 1.8 million U.S. deaths (CDC,

2014).

Q: SDG's

Answer:

- No poverty

- Zero hunger

- Good health and wellbeing

- Quality education

- Gender equality

- Clean water and sanitation

- Decent work and economic growth

- Peace, justice and strong institutions

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a

universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace

and prosperity.

Q: History of WHO

Answer:

1945: charter of the United Nations; article calling for establishment of health agency with wide

powers

1946: UN representatives created and ratified the constitution of WHO

1948: constitution went into force and WHO began work\

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is

concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is

headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO played a leading role in the eradication of

smallpox. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, in particular HIV/AIDS, Ebola,

malaria and tuberculosis; as well as the mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases

such as sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging; nutrition, food security and

healthy eating; occupational health; substance abuse; and driving the development of reporting,

publications, and networking.