Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (2023/ 2024 Latest Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Review| 100% Correct Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| Week 5-8| Grade A- Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR507/ NR 507 (2023/ 2024

Latest Update) Advanced Pathophysiology

Review| 100% Correct Complete Guide with

Questions and Verified Answers| Week 5-8|

Grade A- Chamberlain

Q: Pre-BPH quiz

Q: The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. True

False

Answer:

True

Q: The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: A nodule forms on the prostate.

The patient's PSA becomes elevated.

The prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.

The bladder becomes obstructed.

Answer:

The prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.

Q: The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encoun- tered during

urination.

True

False

Answer:

True

Q: There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. True

False

Answer:

False

Q: On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would be concerned

with which of the following findings?

A soft-smooth prostate.

A lack of pain on palpation. A hard nodule.

A rubber-like quality of the prostate.

Answer:

A hard nodule.

Q: Pathophysiology of BPH

1. In BPH, there is enlargement of the prostate gland by an increased number of benign cells. It is

common in

2. The urethra passes through the

Answer:

1.men over the age of 50 years (its normal and doesn't often lead to cancer)

2.prostate before reaching the penis. This portion of the urethra is called the prostatic urethra.

Q: 1. The prostate is covered by tough connective tissue and smooth muscle and can be divided

into zones. The peripheral zone is

2. transitional zone. It contains approximately 5% of the prostate's glandular tissue and a portion

of

3. The luminal cells also produce (PSA) which helps to

4. The basal and luminal cells of the prostate rely on

Answer:

1.the largest zone and

it is located in the outermost posterior area of the prostate. contains (75%) of the glandular tissue

2.the prostatic urethra.

3.liquefy the gel-like semen after ejaculation. This frees the sperm to

4.stimulation from the androgens for male sex hormones for survival

Q: The Cause of BPH

1. Dihydrotestosterone is produced in the prostate. This androgen is produced by-enzyme 5

alpha-reductase which

2. After around the age of 30, men produce less testosterone but 5-alpha reductase activity

increases resulting in Again, this is a normal process of aging.

3. By age 60, the majority of men will develop BPH and over

4. there is no risk for the male to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. Instead,

the entire prostate gland enlarges forming hyperplas- tic nodules. On palpation, they feel

Answer:

1.converts testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone

2.an increase in dihydrotestosterone. prostate cells respond to the increase in dihydrotestosterone

by living longer and multiplying. That is the underlying cause of BPH.

3.90% have it by the age of 85 years of age.

4.smooth, elastic, and firm. (not hard)

Q: 1. When the nodules and prostate tissue compress

Answer:

1.the prostatic urethra, it becomes more difficult for urine to pass through. The urine builds up in

the bladder and causes it to dilate. In response, the smooth muscle of the bladder will contract

harder, which leads to bladder hypertrophy,

Q: Clinical Presentation of BPH

1. Symptoms of BPH may become prevalent when the prostatic urethra be- comes obstructed.

The male reports

2. List other classic symptoms

Answer:

1.dribbling which is a weak and inconsistent urine stream

2.Straining, (dysuria) pain on urinating, as well as initiating urination (hesitancy). As urine

accumulate in the bladder, it causes a constant sense of incomplete bladder emptying which

increases the frequency of urination at night (nocturia).

Q: Diagnosis and Tx

1. BPH can be diagnosed by performing a (DRE). The NP palpates the (blank) of the rectum

which lies along the posterior prostate. If enlarged, the NP can suspect.

2. Hard nodules palpated could

3. Elevated levels of (PSA) are found in BPH b/c

4. Treatment involves

Answer:

1.(anterior wall), BPH

2.could be a sign of prostate cancer.

3.there are more healthy prostate cells around to produce it

4.5-alpha reductase inhibitors- inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihy- drotestosterone and

can help shrink the prostate gland.

Alpha-1 antagonists may also be prescribed to bind to alpha-1 receptors in the smooth muscles in

the bladder neck, prostate and urethra. This causes relaxes and allows urine to pass.

Sometimes surgery is indicated. A transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Q: Differentiate age-related symptoms that are both irritative and obstructive in nature. Match

each symptom below as either irritative or obstructive. urgency that result from bladder

hypertrophy and dysfunction

urinary frequency nocturia

postvoid dribbling

incomplete emptying

Answer:

Irritative

urgency that result from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction urinary frequency

nocturia Obstructive postvoid dribbling

incomplete emptying

Q: Post BPH quiz

Q: The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to increases in

dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer and multiply. True