FLIGHT DISPATCHER SKILLS – ORALS ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2023-2024 UPDATE ALREADY A GRADED What is Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO). - ANSWER- Any operation by an aeroplane with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to an en-route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the State of the Operator. What is Ceiling? - ANSWER- The lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft that hides more than half of the sky, reported as Broken or Overcast. What is considered an extended overwater operation? - ANSWER- A flight operated over water at a distance of more than 93km (50 NM), or 30 minutes at normal cruising speed, whichever is the lesser, away from land suitable for making an emergency landing. Can a dispatcher delegate their authority? - ANSWER- Yes. May delegate the authority to sign release, but not to dispatch What is the main characteristic that distinguishes the troposphere from the stratosphere? - ANSWERThe temperature lapse rate. In the troposphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude at an average rate of two degree Celsius per one thousand feet of altitude. In the stratosphere, there is little or no change in temperature with altitude. What is the major source of all changes in the Earth's weather? - ANSWER- Uneven heating of the Earth's surface What is a standard day relative to pressure and temperature? - ANSWER- 29.92 millibars of pressure and a temperature of 15 degrees celcius at sea level. What are some examples of the causes of temperature variations across the planet - ANSWER- Diurnal variation Seasonal variation Latitude (angle of sun exposure) Topographical issues Altitude effects The tropopause is characterized by? - ANSWER- an abrupt change of temperature lapse rate What effect does temperature have on aircraft performance? - ANSWER- As temperature increases, aircraft performance is reduced due to a decrease in air density. What potential issues might arise when an inversion exists at an airport? - ANSWER- Inversions are often associated with reduced visibility and possible wind shear as an aircraft passes through the inversion layer. What effect does temperature have on aircraft performance? - ANSWER- As temperature increases, aircraft performance is reduced due to a decrease in air density Describe a low-pressure system? - ANSWER- Lows are areas of reduced pressure and have counterclockwise wind that flows inwards and upwards in the northern hemisphere (opposite in the southern hemisphere). These are commonly associated with poor weather. What is a "trough"? - ANSWER- A trough is an elongated area of low pressure. Weather systems often develops in association with troughs. What is a "ridge" - ANSWER- A ridge is an elongated area of high pressure. What is "col"? - ANSWER- A col is a neutral area between high and low-pressure systems, or it is where a ridge and trough meet. Describe a high-pressure system - ANSWER- Highs are areas of increased pressure and have clockwise wind that flows outward and downward in the northern hemisphere (opposite in the southern hemisphere). These are commonly associated with good weather. How does pressure vary with altitude? - ANSWER- Pressure decreases as altitude increases. In the standard atmosphere the rate of decrease is 1 inch Hg per 1,000 feet. What is "true altitude"? - ANSWER- True altitude is an aircraft's height above sea level. Its also known as mean sea level (MSL). What is "pressure altitude? - ANSWER- This is altitude in reference to the standard datum plane of 29.92'' Hg Why does a high density altitude reduce aircraft performance? - ANSWER- a) Reduce engine thrust/power b) Reduce the amount of lift that is produced by the wing What is "Coriolis force"? - ANSWER- The Coriolis force is a phenomenon that occurs due to the rotation of the Earth that causes wind in the Northern Hemisphere to be deflected to the right. Why is wind speed usually slower near the surface as compared to aloft? - ANSWER- This occurs due to friction between the terrain at the surface and the wind. Winds aloft move relatively unrestricted. How does wind flow in relation to isobars aloft? - ANSWER- Winds aloft tend to flow parallel to isobars due to Coriolis force turning the wind to the right (in the Northern Hemisphere) What is Fog? - ANSWER- Fog is a surface - based cloud that always forms in stable air conditions What are the three main types of Fog and how are they formed? - ANSWER- 1. Radiation Fog: occurs when there is a surface - based temperature inversion. (mostly during relatively calm nights and just after sunrise) 2. Advection Fog: forms when warm moist air flows over a colder surface (commonly occurs over bodies of water such as lakes or oceans) 3. Upslope Fog: forms when moist, stable air is gradually moved over higher ground by the wind (commonly in mountainous areas) Name five causes of turbulence? - ANSWER- i. Convective currents (heating of ground Surface) ii. Mountain waves iii. Wind shear iv. Clouds v. Inversions vi. wake turbulence (from the aircraft) vii. Mechanical (objects on the ground such as trees or buildings) What is " CAT"? - ANSWER- High altitude turbulence (normally above 15,000 feet msl) not associated with cumuliform cloudiness. When is it likely that aircraft will accumulate ice? - ANSWER- Anytime there is visible moisture and the temperature is near or below freezing. What are the three types of airframe icing? - ANSWER- 1. Clear 2. Rime 3. Mixed Name some dangers associated with operating in icing conditions? - ANSWER- i. Disrupts airflow over the wing ii. Increase aircraft weight iii. Reduce thrust (affects airflow over propeller or jet compressor blades) iv. Affects probes and associated instrument systems What determines the type of airframe icing that will form? - ANSWER- The type of icing that forms is determined by water droplet size. What are the regulatory requirements for obtaining a dispatcher license? - ANSWER- (Applicant may state the general requirements, or look up for the regulation) LI 2000 Part 2.8: The applicant for a flight operations officer licence shall be not less than 21years of age. a. receive an approved training course from an authorized instructor on the knowledge areas; b. have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorized instructor; c. pass the required knowledge test. d. comply with the requirements of 2.8.3 (c) & (d) What is the definition of an "alternate airport"? - ANSWER- An airport at which an aircraft may land if landing at the intended airport becomes inadvisable.