1. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central

nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination and axonal damage.

What is the main function of myelin in the CNS?

a) To provide insulation and speed up nerve impulses

b) To produce cerebrospinal fluid and cushion the brain

c) To regulate blood-brain barrier permeability and immune response

d) To secrete neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic transmission

*Answer: a) To provide insulation and speed up nerve impulses*

Rationale: Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around the axons of

neurons and forms the white matter of the CNS. It acts as an electrical

insulator and increases the conduction velocity of nerve impulses.

2. Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger an acute

exacerbation of MS symptoms?

a) Exposure to cold temperature or stress

b) Infection or vaccination

c) Pregnancy or menstruation

d) Exercise or physical therapy

*Answer: b) Infection or vaccination*

Rationale: Infection or vaccination can activate the immune system and

cause inflammation in the CNS, which can worsen MS symptoms. Other

factors, such as cold temperature, stress, pregnancy, menstruation,

exercise, and physical therapy, may affect MS symptoms but are not

considered triggers for acute exacerbations.

3. A 35-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS presents with

blurred vision, diplopia, and pain in her right eye. She also reports fatigue,

weakness, and numbness in her legs. What is the most likely diagnosis for

her eye condition?

a) Optic neuritis

b) Uveitis

c) Glaucoma

d) Macular degeneration

*Answer: a) Optic neuritis*

Rationale: Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of MS that involves

inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve. It causes visual

disturbances, such as blurred vision, diplopia (double vision), pain, and