1. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for the

absorption of nutrients in the digestive system?

 A. Esophagus

 B. Stomach

 C. Small Intestine

 D. Large Intestine

 Answer: C. Small Intestine

 Rationale: The small intestine's extensive surface area, due to villi and

microvilli, allows for maximum absorption of nutrients.

2. A patient with a history of chronic alcohol abuse is most likely to have

damage in which gastrointestinal organ responsible for detoxification and

metabolism?

 A. Pancreas

 B. Liver

 C. Gallbladder

 D. Spleen

 Answer: B. Liver

 Rationale: The liver plays a key role in detoxifying substances,

including alcohol, and chronic abuse can lead to liver damage.

3. During a case of acute appendicitis, which anatomical landmark is

commonly used to locate the base of the appendix?

 A. McBurney's point

 B. Murphy's sign

 C. Traube's space

 D. Sister Mary Joseph's nodule

 Answer: A. McBurney's point

 Rationale: McBurney's point, located roughly one-third the distance

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus, is used as a

reference for appendicitis pain.

4. In cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which anatomical

feature fails to function properly?

 A. Pyloric sphincter

 B. Cardiac sphincter

 C. Ileocecal valve