Passage 1 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Modern Epidemic In the past few decades, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a global health crisis. Characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance, T2DM is often associated with lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity. The World Health Organization reports a fourfold increase in diabetes cases over the last 30 years, making it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The story of John, a 54-year-old man with a family history of diabetes, is not uncommon. John was diagnosed with T2DM eight years ago. Despite initial efforts to manage his condition with diet and exercise, his blood sugar levels remained high. John's reluctance to adhere to his medication regimen led to complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy, which are common among T2DM patients who do not maintain adequate glycemic control. John's case highlights the importance of early intervention and consistent management in T2DM. Healthcare professionals emphasize the role of patient education in preventing complications. For instance, the Diabetes Prevention Program study demonstrated that lifestyle interventions could reduce the incidence of T2DM by 58% over three years. The economic burden of T2DM is also significant. In the United States, the estimated cost of diabetes-related care was $327 billion in 2017. This includes direct medical costs and indirect costs due to lost productivity.