Pediatrics Proctored Exam Remediation

Acute and Infectious Respiratory Illnesses: Recognizing Epiglottis

o Predictive signs: Absence of cough, drooling and agitation

o Tripod position

o Dysphonia; thick, muffled voice and froglike croaking sound

o Dysphagia

o Inspiratory stridor

o Suprasternal and substernal retractions

o Sore throat

o high fever

o restlessness

Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders: Priority Action for Acute Diarrhea

 Oral rehydration therapy

o Start replacement with an oral replacement solution of 75 to 90 sodium mEq/L at 40 to 50 mL/kg over

4 hr

o Determine the need for further rehydration after initial replacement

o Initiate maintenance therapy with ORS of 40 to 60 sodium mEq/L and limit to 150 mL/kg/day

 Give Oral rehydration therapy alternatively with appropriate intake

 Give infants water, breast milk, or lactose‑free formula if supplementary fluid is needed

 Older children may resume their regular diets for additional intake

o Replace each diarrheal stool with 10 mL/kg of Oral replacement solution for ongoing diarrhea

Acute Infectious Gastrointestinal Disorders: Precautions for Rotavirus

 Transmission: fecal‑oral

 Prevention measures: immunization

 Most common cause of diarrhea: less than 5 years of age