1. What were the main causes and consequences of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) for the British

and the American colonies?

- The French and Indian War was a conflict between Britain and France over the control of land and trade in

North America, especially the Ohio River Valley. The war involved various Native American allies on both

sides, hence the name.

- The main causes of the war were the expansion of British settlements westward, the rivalry between

Britain and France for colonial dominance, and the involvement of other European powers such as Spain

and Prussia.

- The main consequences of the war for the British were the acquisition of Canada and other French

territories, the increase of their national debt, and the need to impose taxes and regulations on their

American colonies to pay for the war and maintain their empire.

- The main consequences of the war for the American colonies were the removal of the French threat from

their western frontier, the resentment of the British taxes and regulations that violated their rights and

interests, and the development of a sense of unity and identity among the colonists.

2. How did religion influence the social, political, and economic development of different colonial regions

in North America?

- Religion played a significant role in shaping the colonial societies in North America, as many colonists

came to seek religious freedom, practice their faith, or spread their beliefs.

- In New England, religion influenced the social development by creating tight-knit communities based on

Puritan values, education, and church membership. Religion also influenced the political development by

establishing self-governing town meetings and assemblies that were dominated by religious leaders.

Religion also influenced the economic development by promoting hard work, thrift, and trade.

- In the Middle Colonies, religion influenced the social development by creating a diverse and tolerant

society that welcomed various religious groups such as Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, Jews, and others.

Religion also influenced the political development by fostering a democratic spirit and a respect for

individual rights. Religion also influenced the economic development by encouraging farming, commerce,

and industry.

- In the Southern Colonies, religion influenced the social development by creating a hierarchical society that

was divided by class, race, and religion. Religion also influenced the political development by supporting

the authority of wealthy planters and royal governors. Religion also influenced the economic development

by justifying slavery, plantation agriculture, and trade.

3. What were the main factors that contributed to the growth of slavery in colonial America? How did

slavery affect the lives of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans in different ways?

- The main factors that contributed to the growth of slavery in colonial America were the demand for labor

in plantation agriculture, especially tobacco, rice, indigo, and sugar; the decline of indentured servitude as a

source of labor; the availability of enslaved Africans from the Atlantic slave trade; and the racial ideologies

that dehumanized Africans and justified their enslavement.

- Slavery affected the lives of Africans in different ways depending on their region, gender, culture, and

status. Some Africans resisted slavery by running away, rebelling, or preserving their traditions.