M - MRSHGREN - movement, for all or part of the organism R - MRSHGREN - respiration, getting energy from food S - MRSHGREN - Sense, changes in the surroundings H - MRSHGREN - Homeostasis, controlling their internal environment G - MRSHGREN - growth, development R - MRSHGREN - reproduction, producing offspring E - MRSHGREN - excretion, removing waste products N - MRSHGREN - nutrition, needing of food Test for glucose - 1. Warm water bath 2. Benedict solution turns brick red Test for Starch - iodine solution turns blue or black. Definition of enzyme - Biological catalysts that control all the reaction in a cell What happens when the active site stops the enzyme working? - Denatures What is Aerobic respiration? - Respire that requires oxygen Equation for Aerobic respiration - Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy What is Anaerobic respiration? - Respire that doesn't requires oxygen Equation for Anaerobic respiration - Glucose = Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + some energy Test for carbon dioxide - bubbles in limewater, turns cloudy Definition of diffusion - movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is caused by random movement of particles. Definition of Osmosis - Only water moves across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to a low concentration Definition of active transport - Substances are moved against a concentration gradient or across a selectively permeable membrane. Uses energy produced by cellular respiration All specialized cells in order - Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems Features of Plants - - multicellular - carry out photosynthesis Features of Animals - - Multicellular - cannot carry out photosynthesis Features of Fungi - - Can be multicellular or unicellular - cannot carry out photosynthesis Features of Protoctists - - Can be unicellular or multicellular - can carry out photosynthesis Features of Bacteria - - Single-celled organisms - some can carry out photosynthesis Trachea - Tube with incomplete rings of cartilage carries air to lungs bronchus - carries air to lung bronchioles - carry air to lungs alveoli - tiny air sacs adapted for gaseous exchange diaphragm - sheet of muscle with a fibrous middle part which is domed ribs - bones that protect and ventilate lungs internal intercostal muscles - pull ribs down and in external intercostal muscles - pull ribs up and out The advantages of alveoli - 1. A large surface area 2. A rich blood supply (capillaries) 3. short diffusion distances The effect of tobacco - 1. cilia are destroyed so dirt and bacteria are not removed 2. the walls of the alveoli are damaged 3. lung cancer 4. carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin in blood cause lack of oxygen level 5. affects the circulatory system and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes Amylases breaks down - starch in to maltose Maltase breaks down - Maltose into glucose protease breaks down - protein into amino acids lipase breaks down - Lipid into fatty acids and glycerol What are proteins - They are long chains of amino acids found in foods What are lipids - they are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Definition of absorption - The products of digestion are absorbed into your bloodstream in the small intestine. Definition of Assimilation - The digested food products are absorbed into the cells of the body by diffusion