CHAPTER 1: PHOTOGRAPHY Learning Objectives 1. Recognize the distinctions among the three principal styles of film and the three types of movies, and evaluate how the style affects the presentation of the story. 2. List the six basic categories of film shots and their purpose in developing the scene. 3. Describe the five basic angles in the cinema and what contextual information the audience derives from each choice. 4. Outline the various types of lighting styles used in film and the symbolic connotations of each. 5. Explain the way directors consciously use colors to symbolically enhance the film’s dramatic content. 6. Identify how lens, filters, and stocks can intensify given qualities within a shot, and suppress others. 7. Evaluate the changes that digital technologies have had on film production, editing, presentation, and distribution. 8. Assess the role of cinematographers in the filmmaking process and identify how they are able to consolidate the various elements of film photography. Outline 1. Realism and Formalism a. Even before 1900, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic i. Lumiere brothers’ The Arrival of a Train ii. Georges Melies’ A Trip to the Moon b. styles in cinema: i. realism 1. reproduces the surface of reality with a minimum of distortion 2. preserves the illusion that the film world is unmanipulated ii. formalism 1. deliberately stylizes and distort raw materials 2. the stylization calls attention to itself iii. classicism 1. most fiction films fall somewhere between these two extremes 2. avoids the extremes of realism and formalism c.t ypes of films: documentary, fiction, avant-garde 2. The Shots a. defined by the amount of subject matter that’s included within the frame of the screen