1. What is the purpose of debriefing in simulation-based

education? (Select one)

a) To provide feedback and evaluation to the learners

b) To enhance learning and promote reflection

c) To correct mistakes and reinforce correct actions

d) To test the learners' knowledge and skills

Answer: b) To enhance learning and promote reflection

Rationale: Debriefing is a structured and facilitated

discussion that aims to help learners make sense of their

simulation experience, identify what they learned, and

apply it to future situations. Debriefing is not meant to be a

one-way feedback or evaluation session, nor a simple

review of what went wrong or right. Debriefing is a

learner-centered process that fosters reflection and deeper

learning.

2. What are the three phases of debriefing proposed by

Rudolph et al. (2007)? (Select one)

a) Reaction, analysis, and summary

b) Description, interpretation, and application

c) Introduction, exploration, and closure

d) Preparation, facilitation, and evaluation

Answer: c) Introduction, exploration, and closure

Rationale: Rudolph et al. (2007) proposed a three-phase

model of debriefing that consists of introduction,

exploration, and closure. The introduction phase sets the

tone and expectations for the debriefing session, establishes

psychological safety, and invites learners to share their