LETRS Unit 1 Session 1 Quiz d. 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount-Correct answerAccording to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what percentage of fourth-grade students have scored "basic"; or "below basic"; in reading? a. 33% of students nationally, equally split among white, African-American, and Hispanic students b. 23% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount c. 50% nationally, with white students making up a disproportionate amount d. 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds.- Correct answerWhat characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography? a. Its spelling system is entirely phonetic. b. Its spelling system shares many word roots with other languages. c. Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds. d. Its spelling patterns have not been completely stable over time. d. visual-motor skills and visual-spatial reasoning-Correct answerWhich skills are least correlated with reading comprehension in children? a. spelling and writing b. oral language skills c. word-reading accuracy and fluency d. visual-motor skills and visual-spatial reasoning d. Both are equally important.-Correct answerAccording to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension? a. Word recognition is much more important. b. Language comprehension is much more important. c. Word recognition is slightly more important. d. Both are equally important. a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic writing.-Correct answer Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to process spoken and written language? a. Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic writing. b. Our brains have evolved to process spoken and written language equally well. c. Our brains process spoken language and pictorial writing equally well, but have not evolved to process alphabetic writing. d. Our brains process spoken language extremely well, and we process alphabetic writing surprisingly well given that it is a relatively recent achievement. LETRS Unit 1 - Session 1 Phonics - Correct answer relationship between letters and sounds. Code based instruction. Phonemic Awareness - Correct answer awareness of individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds. Alphabetic Writing is less than ___________ years old. - Correct answer 5,000 90% of all spoken languages have no - Correct answer written form, let alone an alphabet that represents the separate sounds of speech. Syllable - Correct answer the unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel. Egyptians invented the first alphabet in - Correct answer 2,000 BCE Phoenician alphabet was developed in _________ and was the granfather of our alphabet 19 of 26 letters can be traced. - Correct answer 1,000 BCE Modern American English spelling was settled in 1828 with - Correct answer Webster's Dictionary Orthograpy - Correct answer a writing system for representing language Morphonphonemic - Correct answer alphabetic writing principle organized by both sound-symbol correspondences and morphology. Morpheme - Correct answer the smallest meaningful unit of language; it may be a word or a part of word; it may be a single sound, one syllable or multiple syllables To read an alphabetic alphabet a person must - Correct answer mentally link the alphabetic symbols with the single speech sounds or phonemes that they represent. All alphabets require - Correct answer speech sound (phoneme) awareness by the reader. Shallow or Transparent Alphabetic Orthography - Correct answer correspondences in the alphabetic writing system are regular and predictable. One sound represented by one symbol or letter. Deep or Opague Alphabetic Orthography - Correct answer the spelling system represens morphemes (meaningful parts) as well as speech sounds. Morphophonemic contains both phonemes and morphemes. Advantages of Alphabetic Writing - Correct answer permits any word to be read or written in a language with a small set of symbols. A limited number of symbols can be combined to create the entire language, even new words. Language can be written and read by anyone who can match the symbols to the sounds they represent. Disadvantages of Alphabetic Writing - Correct answer People are wired to process speech sounds. The phoneme -that sound that a letter represents - is not self evident, natural, or consciously accessible understanding for humans. Metalinguistic Awareness - Correct answer the ability think about and reflect on the structure of language itself. The invention of the alphabet was an achievement. The Simple View of Reading - Correct answer Word Recognition x Language Comprehension = Reading Comprehension Word Recognition - Correct answer The accurate and fast retrieval of decoded word forms, is essential for the development of reading comprehension. Language comprehension - Correct answer listening comprehension or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language. Decoding - Correct answer the ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences.