1. What is the term for the smallest unit of sound in a

language that can change the meaning of a word?

a) phoneme*

b) grapheme

c) morpheme

d) syllable

Rationale: A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound

that can distinguish words, such as /p/ and /b/ in "pat"

and "bat". A grapheme is a written representation of a

phoneme, such as "p" and "b". A morpheme is the

smallest unit of meaning in a word, such as "un-" and

"-ed". A syllable is a unit of speech that contains a

vowel sound, such as "pa" and "bat".

2. What is the term for the relationship between the

sounds and the spellings of words in a language?

a) orthography*

b) phonology

c) morphology

d) etymology

Rationale: Orthography is the study of the

conventions and rules for writing a language,

including the correspondence between sounds and

spellings. Phonology is the study of the sound system

of a language, including how sounds are produced,

combined, and distinguished. Morphology is the study

of the structure and formation of words, including how

morphemes are combined and inflected. Etymology is

the study of the origin and history of words, including

how they have changed over time.

3. What is the term for a letter or combination of

letters that represents a single phoneme in a word?