1. A company that produces and sells cosmetics decides to test its

products on animals to ensure their safety and effectiveness. This

practice is considered unethical by many animal rights activists

and customers. What ethical theory would support the company's

decision to test on animals?

a) Utilitarianism

b) Deontology

c) Virtue ethics

d) Egoism*

Rationale: Egoism is the ethical theory that holds that one should

act in one's own self-interest, regardless of the consequences for

others. The company is acting egoistically by testing on animals

to maximize its profits and reputation, even if it harms the

animals and alienates some customers.

2. A manager of a fast-food restaurant notices that some of his

employees are stealing food from the inventory. He decides to

install hidden cameras in the kitchen and the storage room to

monitor their behavior. He does not inform the employees about

the cameras or ask for their consent. What ethical principle is the

manager violating?

a) Respect for persons*

b) Beneficence

c) Non-maleficence

d) Justice

Rationale: Respect for persons is the ethical principle that

requires treating people as autonomous agents who can freely

consent to or decline any action that affects them. The manager is

violating this principle by secretly recording the employees