In this introductory chapter, your students will explore managers, management functions and roles, trends impacting the job of a manger, and the value of studying management. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1 Describe who managers are and where they work. 1.2 Explain why managers are important to organizations. 1.3 List the functions and roles of managers. 1.4 Describe the factors that are reshaping and redefining the manager’s job. 1.5 Identify career options in management and skills that lead to career success. 1.6 Explain the value of studying management. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 WHO ARE MANAGERS AND WHERE DO THEY WORK? A. Who Is a Manager? The changing nature of organizations and work often requires employees in formerly nonmanagerial jobs to perform managerial activities. Students who are preparing for careers on any organizational level can benefit from acquiring management skills. Today’s employees need to be crosstrained and multi-skilled. 1. The changing nature of work has blurred the distinction between managers and nonmanagerial employees. Many traditional nonmanagerial jobs now include managerial activities, and many organizations no longer have formal managers. A holacracy is defined as an organizational structure that aims to distribute decision making throughout the organization by requiring teams or workgroups to manage themselves, rather than centralizing decision making in a traditional hierarchy. See Exhibit 1-1. 2. How do we define a manager? A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished. However, keep in mind that managers may have additional work duties not related to coordinating the work of others. 3. Managers can be classified by their level in the organization, particularly