Arterial Blood Gas -- ABG's via arterial puncture or arterial line: allows the most accurate method

of assessing respiratory function.

Steps for collecting ABG's -- a. Perform Allen test if no arterial line

b. sample is drawn into heparinized syringe

c. keep on ice and transport to laboratory immediately

d. document amount and method of oxygen delivered for accurate results

e. apply direct pressure to puncture site at least 5 min (longer for clients at risk for bleeding)

Bronchoscopy -- visualizes the larynx, trachea, bronchi; obtains tissue biopsy; and removes foreign

bodies.

Steps for a bronchoscopy procedure -- a. obtain informed consent

b. maintain NPO 8 to 12 hr.

c. Provide local anesthetic throat spray

d. position upright

e. administer medications as prescribed, such as atropine (to reduce oral secretions), sedation,

and/or anti-anxiety.

f. label specimen

g. observe postprocedure

-gag reflex

-bleeding

-respiratory status, vital signs, and level of consciousness

Mantoux test -- Positive test indicates exposure to tuberculosis. Diagnosis must be confirmed with

sputum culture for presence of acid-fast bacillus (AFB).

Mantoux test steps -- a. administer 0.1 mL of purified protein derivation intradermal to upper half

inner surface of forearm (insert needle bevel up)

b. Assess for reaction in 48 to 72 hr following injection; induration (hardening) of 10 mm or greater

is considered a positive test; 5 mm may be considered significant if immunocompromised.

QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT-GT) and T-SPOT.TB -- Identify the presence of Mycobacterium

tuberculosis infection by measuring the immune response to the TB bacteria in whole blood.

Thoracentesis -- Surgical perforation of the pleural space to obtain specimen, to remove fluid or

air, or to instill medication.

Steps for Thoracentesis -- a. informed consen