HAPTER 1 The Microbial World and You Global Edition Learning Objectives Check Your Understanding 1-1 List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. Describe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes. 1-2 Define microbiome, normal microbiota, and transient microbiota. What percentage of all cells in the human body are bacterial cells? 1-3 Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. Distinguish a genus from a specific epithet. 1-4 Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms. Which groups of microbes are prokaryotes? Which are eukaryotes? 1-5 List the three domains. What are the three domains? 1-6 Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. What is the cell theory? 1-7 Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis. What evidence supported spontaneous generation? 1-8 Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Needham, Spallanzani, Virchow, and Pasteur. How was spontaneous generation disproved? 1-9 Explain how Pasteur’s work influenced Lister and Koch. Summarize in your own words the germ theory of disease. 1-10 Identify the importance of Koch’s postulates. What is the importance of Koch’s postulates? 1-11 Identify the importance of Jenner’s work. What is the significance of Jenner’s discovery? 1-12 Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Ehrlich and Fleming. What was Ehrlich’s “magic bullet”? 1-13 Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology. Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology. 1-14 Explain the importance of microbial genetics, molecular biology, and genomics. Differentiate microbial genetics, molecular biology, and genomics.