Midterm Exam: NR503/ NR 503 (New 2023/ 2024 Update) Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles Exam Review | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A- Chamberlain

Midterm Exam: NR503/ NR 503 (New 2023/

2024 Update) Population Health,

Epidemiology & Statistical Principles Exam

Review | Complete Guide with Questions and

Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade AChamberlain

Q: Cohort designs Strengths

Answer:

■Able to identify confounding and address in the study

■Able to control exposure

■Able to calculate relative risk and incidence rates

■Can study multiple outcomes

Q: Cohort designs Weaknesses

Answer:

■Labor intensive

■Costly

■Lengthy

Q: Environmental conditions example

Answer:

influenza, which is most prevalent during certain times of the year. Infectious disease

departments document these seasonal trends during the year, and they are available for

healthcare providers to review

Q: Completes the following sentence: An APRN needs to be aware of both publication

________ and citation ________ (additional types of information ________), particularly when

carrying out systematic reviews or meta-analyses

Answer:

BIAS

Q: The method for _______ data can help reduce problems related to confounding.

Answer:

analyzing

Q: completes the following sentence: In a double-blind study, both the subjects and the

________ are blinded, that is, unaware of which group is receiving the experimental treatment or

intervention.

Answer:

Investigators

Q: general guidelines that APRNs can follow when conducting a study to provide a framework

for a quality design

Answer:

.■Complete an extensive review of the literature to determine what is currently known about the

problem and to provide a sound theoretical background

.■Select a study design that will best answer the research question.

■Choose a study design that is feasible in terms of both time and money.

■Once a design is chosen, plan every step of the research process before beginning the study

(e.g., determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of primary and secondary

outcomes of interest).

■Ensure that comparison groups are as similar as possible; stratify for possible confounders early

on to avoid making false conclusions

.■Determine sufficient sample size to ensure the study has adequate power for result

interpretation

.■Use objective criteria for the collection of all data

.■Train all investigators to ensure that data are collected uni

Q: Cross Sectional Strengths

Answer:

■Able to calculate prevalence of population studied

■Assesses exposures and outcomes at one time

■Provides a snapshot of study population

■Inexpensive

Q: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)

Answer:

a method that has been developed to improve the quality and reporting of RCTs.

It offers a standard way for authors to prepare reports of trial findings, facilitate their complete

and transparent reporting, and aid their critical appraisal and interpretation

Q: In a prospective cohort design.....

Answer:

investigator selects a group of individuals who were exposed to a factor of interest and compares

it to a group of nonexposed individuals and follows both groups to determine the 101incidence

of an outcome (e.g., disease).

Q: Randomized controlled trials Weakness

Answer:

■Labor intensive

■Costly

■Lengthy

■Sometimes impractical or unethical to conduct

Q: Cohort Studies

Answer:

-can be either prospective or retrospective

-should provide detailed information on the following: subjects' data that are lost or incomplete,

subjects' rates of withdrawal or loss to follow-up, characteristics of subjects that are lost to

follow-up or who have withdrawn from the study, and, when possible, reasons for the dropouts.

-They should also include detailed descriptions of the groups that are included in the analysis of

outcomes (e.g., age, gender, family history, and severity of disease)

Q: Characteristics of the host in diseases

Answer:

age, previous exposures, general health, and immune status

Q: How do they do Kappa statistics

Answer:

you can estimate how reliable this agreement is by subtracting out the percentage expected by

chance alone.

- any kappa below 0.60 indicates inadequate agreement among the raters and little confidence

should be placed in the study result

Q: Completes the following sentence: Systematic errors occur not as the result of chance but

because of inherent inaccuracies in ________.

Answer:

MEASURMENTS

Q: What is the most common aggregate in population based nursing