Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest 2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Study Guide| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct – GCU

Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest

2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and

Pathophysiology Study Guide| Questions and

Verified Answers| 100% Correct – GCU

Q: hormonal hyperplasia

Answer:

occurs chiefly in estrogen-dependent organs, such as the uterus and breast (e.g. endometrium

growing after fertilization)

Q: compensatory hyperplasia

Answer:

adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate

Q: hyperkalemia treatment

Answer:

Treatment - Give diuretics, glucose/insulin

Kaexelate- insulin stimulates Na_ potassium Dadenosine triphosphatase (K=Dat- pase) pump

Q: Hormones that regulate calcium/phosphate balance are

Answer:

parathyroid hor- mone (PTH), vitamin D and calcitonin

Q: risk of recurrent of autosomal dominant disease

Answer:

50%

Q: cancer that herpes 8 causes

Answer:

Kaposi sarcoma

Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase risk of what?

Answer:

ovarian cancer among women

Q: chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) diagnosed by?

Answer:

bone marrow

Philadelphia chromosome

Poor prognosis

Transposition of 9 and 22 chromosomes

Q: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Answer:

Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children

and adolescents; onset is sudden

high survival rate

Q: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Answer:

Too many myeloblasts

Most common adult leukemia

Dx by Auer Rods

bone pain and increased WBCs

Survival 24%

Q: Warburg effect

Answer:

cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis while decreasing ox- idative phosphorylation

Glucose feeds tumors

Q: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Answer:

a form of leukemia characterized by extremely high levels of lymphocytes; most often found in

middle-age adults

85% survival rate

Q: polycythemia vera

Answer:

too many RBCs

Tx: blood letting

S&S: Pruritis after warm bath, ruddy complex

Q: Multiple Myeloma diagnosed by

Answer:

Rouleaux blood film and punch out regions and Bence Jones protein (80% of cases)

Q: Multiple Myeloma symptoms

Answer:

*Bone pain*, anemia, fatigue, recurrent infec- tions

-Lytic bone lesion (punch out bone regions)

*Hypercalemia*, increase creatinine

Increased ESR

Q: Multiple Myeloma Treatment

Answer:

Steroids, Thalidomide, chemotherapy, autolo- gous, marrow transplant, Bortezomib

Viral therapy

Q: Lymphomas

Answer:

in lymph nodes - B-cells usually

Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer:

distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as

Reed-Sternberg cells

Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma symptoms

Answer:

PAINLESS

enlarged lymph nodes night sweats

fever

weight loss

Q: Burkitt's lymphoma