1. Describe the concept of gene editing and its potential applications in

biomedicine.

Answer: Gene editing is a technique that allows researchers to modify an

organism's DNA, including the human genome, with precision. It has the

potential to treat genetic diseases, develop new therapies, and enhance

crop production. One widely used gene editing tool is CRISPR-Cas9,

which enables scientists to edit DNA by cutting and modifying specific

genes.

Rationale: Gene editing is a rapidly advancing field of biomedicine that

has the potential to revolutionize medicine. Understanding its principles

and applications is crucial for health science students to comprehend its

impact on human health.

2. Explain the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and how it is

utilized in biomedical research.

Answer: PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA.

It involves multiple cycles of heating and cooling to replicate the DNA

segment of interest. PCR plays a significant role in biomedicine, including

gene sequencing, diagnosis of genetic diseases, and forensic analysis.

Rationale: PCR is a fundamental tool in molecular biology and has

numerous applications in biomedicine. Knowledge of PCR techniques is

essential for health science students to understand various diagnostic and

research processes.

3. Discuss the principles of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and its

significance in genomic research.

Answer: Next-generation sequencing refers to cutting-edge DNA

sequencing technologies that allow the rapid and cost-effective sequencing

of entire genomes. NGS has revolutionized genomic research by enabling