1. What is the primary role of the uteroplacental circulation? A) Delivery of nutrients to the fetus B) Removal of waste products from the fetus C) Gas exchange between the mother and fetus D) Regulation of fetal temperature Answer: C) Gas exchange between the mother and fetus Rationale: The uteroplacental circulation is primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and fetus, which is essential for fetal metabolism and growth. 2. Which factor most significantly affects fetal oxygenation during pregnancy? A) Maternal position B) Fetal hemoglobin levels C) Placental perfusion D) Ambient temperature Answer: C) Placental perfusion Rationale: Adequate placental perfusion is crucial for fetal oxygenation as it ensures a sufficient blood supply to the placenta, facilitating the transfer of oxygen from the mother to the fetus. 3. During electronic fetal monitoring, a sustained decrease in fetal heart rate is observed. What is the most likely cause? A) Fetal sleep cycle B) Uteroplacental insufficiency C) Maternal hyperventilation D) Cord compression Answer: B) Uteroplacental insufficiency Rationale: A sustained decrease in fetal heart rate can indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, where the placenta is not delivering enough oxygen to the fetus, often leading to fetal distress.