1. What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in an ELBW neonate? A. Pneumonia B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus C. Surfactant deficiency D. Pulmonary hemorrhage Answer: C. Surfactant deficiency Rationale: Surfactant deficiency is a common cause of respiratory distress in ELBW neonates due to the immaturity of their lungs. 2. Which maternal condition is associated with the highest risk of preterm birth? A. Gestational diabetes B. Preeclampsia C. Chronic hypertension D. Intrauterine growth restriction Answer: B. Preeclampsia Rationale: Preeclampsia is a significant risk factor for preterm birth and can lead to ELBW neonates due to its association with placental insufficiency. 3. During the initial assessment of an ELBW neonate, which sign indicates the most urgent need for intervention? A. Bradycardia B. Hypothermia C. Mild grunting D. Intermittent cyanosis Answer: A. Bradycardia Rationale: Bradycardia in an ELBW neonate is a critical sign that requires immediate intervention to prevent further