1. What is the primary mechanism of action for Drug X in the treatment of hypertension? a) Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors b) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme c) Increase in nitric oxide synthesis Correct Answer: b) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme Rationale: Drug X is an ACE inhibitor, which works by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. 2. A patient with renal impairment requires a dose adjustment for Drug Y. What pharmacokinetic property most influences this decision? a) Drug Y's bioavailability b) Drug Y's volume of distribution c) Drug Y's elimination half-life Correct Answer: c) Drug Y's elimination half-life Rationale: In patients with renal impairment, drugs that are primarily eliminated via the kidneys may have prolonged half-lives, necessitating dose adjustments to p