1.1. Question The nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The major complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus is: o A. Meningitis o B. Nephritis o C. Cardiomegaly o D. Desquamation Correct Answer: B. Nephritis o Option B: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a form of lupus and an autoimmune disease in which the antibodies attack the body’s own cells and tissue causing inflammation and damage to organs such as the kidneys resulting in complications such as nephritis. o Options A and C: SLE affects the musculoskeletal, integumentary, renal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, but the major complication is renal involvement. o Option D: SLE produces a “butterfly” rash, not desquamation.  2. Question Which diet is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer? o A. High protein, simple carbohydrates o B. High fat, refined carbohydrates o C. Low carbohydrates, complex proteins o D. Low protein, complex carbohydrates Correct Answer: B. High fat, refined carbohydrates o Option B: A diet that is high in fat and refined carbohydrates increases the risk of colorectal cancer. High-fat content results in an increase in fecal bile acids, which facilitate carcinogenic changes. Refined carbohydrates increase the transit time of food through the gastrointestinal tract and increase the exposure time of the intestinal mucosa to cancercausing substances.  3. Question The nurse is caring for an infant following a cleft lip repair. While comforting the infant, the nurse should avoid: o A. Offering sterile water o B. Holding the infant o C. Offering a pacifier o D. Providing a mobile Correct Answer: C. Offering a pacifier o Option C: The nurse should avoid giving the infant a pacifier or bottle for 10 days to allow time for healing, and prevent injury to the site. The child can be fed using a cup or the side of a spoon to drop fluids and food into the mouth. o Options A, B, and D: Holding the infant cradled in the arms, providing a mobile, and offering sterile water using a Breck feeder are permitted.  4. Question The physician has ordered Amoxil (amoxicillin) 500 mg capsules for a client with esophageal varices. The nurse can best care for the client’s needs by: o A. Giving the medication as ordered o B. Providing extra water with the medication o C. Requesting an alternate form of the medication o D. Giving the medication with an antacid Correct Answer: C. Requesting an alternate form of the medication o Option C: The client with esophageal varices can develop spontaneous bleeding from the mechanical irritation caused by taking capsules; therefore, the nurse should request the medication in a suspension. o Option A: This does not best meet the client’s needs. o Option B: This is not the best means of preventing bleeding. o Option D: Antibiotics should not be given with milk or antacids because it interferes with the absorption.  5. Question The nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client with hemochromatosis. Which food items should the client consume, except? o A. Grains o B. Coffee o C. Lamb o D. Legumes Correct Answer: C. Lamb o Option C: Hemochromatosis is an iron disorder where the body absorbs too much iron. Diet recommendations for this disease include reducing the consumption of red meat. Red meat contains the most easily absorbable form of iron called heme iron. o Options A and D: Grains and legumes are a good source of phytic acid which inhibits iron absorption. o Option B: Coffee contains tannins, a polyphenolic substance that can also inhibit iron absorption.  6. Question The nurse is teaching a client with Parkinson’s disease ways to prevent curvatures of the spine associated with the disease. The nurse should tell the client to: o A. Sleep on either side but keep his back straight o B. Periodically lie prone without a neck pillow o C. Sleep only in dorsal recumbent position o D. Rest in supine position with his head elevated Correct Answer: B. Periodically lie prone without a neck pillow o Option B: Periodically lying in a prone position without a pillow will help prevent the flexion of the spine that occurs with Parkinson’s disease. o Option A: This is not realistic because of position changes during sleep. o Options C and D: These positions can flex the spine.  7. Question The nurse is planning dietary changes for a client following an episode of pancreatitis. Which diet is suitable for the client? o A. Low calorie, low carbohydrate o B. High fiber, low fat o C. High protein, high fat o D. Low protein, high carbohydrate Correct Answer: B. High fiber, low fat o Option B: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes during digestion wherein these enzymes help break down fats, protein, and carbohydrates. A client recovering from pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) needs a diet that is low in fat so that it would give the organ time to rest. While a high diet will decrease the risk of gallstone formation and elevated levels of triglycerides both of which are the common causes of acute pancreatitis. o Options A, C, and D: These diets can worsen the symptoms of pancreatitis and can cause discomfort