Harm Reduction - answerrejects all or nothing of AA, meets clients at current stage of recovery, non-judgmental, reduce risk of harm without rejecting client who is currently using Edith Kramer - answerArt as therapy, healing quality is inherent in creative process, goal of therapist to establish possibility of sublimation (person) Florence cane - answerNaumberg's sister, art educator Margaret Naumberg - answerArt psychotherapy, dynamically oriented art therapy, influenced by Jung and Frued (person) Elinor Ulman - answerFounder of American Journal of Art Therapy, developed AT assessment (UPAP) Edward Adamson - answerStudio approach- little interference or analysis, book- Art as Healing (person) Psychoanalytic Approach - answertheoretical approach: Frued, Ernst Kris, Heinz Kohut, defense mechanisms, transference/countertransference Ernst Kris - answerRegression in the service of the ego, Book- Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art (person) Heinz Kohut - answerSelf psychology, empathetic response from therapist heals clients self, transmuting internalizations and forming a cohesive self (person) Self psychology - answerViews art as a way to relieve pain and tension and build ego strength (theoretical approach) Object relations - answerMental representations of self and other. Infant's intrapsychic experience, the structure of its inner world. Also pre-Oedipal Object relations people - answerDW Winnicott, Margaret Mahler, Melanie Klein Winnicott - answerPioneersed school of object relations. Transitional space, transitional object, holding environment, projective scribble (person) Mahler - answerTheory of developmental stages of human attachment: normal autism, normal symbiosis, hatching, rapproachment, separation/individuation(object constancy) (person) Klein - answerFantasy life of infant- projection and interjection, splitting as a defense (good mother vs bad mother). Idea then associated with borderline (person) Psychoanalytic art therapists - answerRubin, Robbins, Schaverisn, Linesch, Levick Judith Rubin - answerChild art therapy, open art assessment, framework for freedom (balance between structure and looseness) (person) Arthur Robbins - answer(person) Psycho aesthetics- art = psychological make up of a person Myra Levick - answerArt assessment= LECATA, defense mechanisms are used to measure emotional development of child (person) Jungian Approach - answerArchetypal symbols- collective unconscious, active imagination, mandala for healing and self-actualization (theoretical approach)