1. Multiple Choice: In the context of healthcare economics, which of the following is considered a direct cost? a) Patient's travel expenses to the clinic b) Training costs for healthcare staff c) Investment in medical research d) Loss of productivity due to illness Answer: b) Training costs for healthcare staff Rationale: Direct costs are those costs that are directly attributable to the healthcare service, such as staff training, equipment, and supplies. 2. True/False: The concept of 'marginal utility' is significant in healthcare decision-making as it helps to determine the value of additional units of healthcare services. Answer: True Rationale: Marginal utility in healthcare economics helps to assess the benefit gained from an additional unit of healthcare service, aiding in efficient resource allocation.