1. What is the pathophysiological process involved in acute

respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Explain the

mechanism and how it relates to acute care.

Answer: ARDS is a condition characterized by acute

inflammatory injury to alveolar-capillary membranes,

resulting in increased capillary permeability and impaired

gas exchange. Excessive fluid and protein leakage into

alveoli leads to respiratory distress, requiring intensive care

management with respiratory support.

2. Describe the pathophysiology of sepsis and its impact on

multiple organ systems in acute care settings.

Answer: Sepsis is a systemic response to infection caused

by the release of inflammatory mediators. It leads to

vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and altered

coagulation, which can result in organ dysfunction. In acute

care, sepsis management focuses on early recognition,

source control, and hemodynamic stabilization.

3. Discuss the pathophysiological factors contributing to

acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in acute care. How does

this condition impact patient outcomes?

Answer: AMI occurs due to the occlusion of coronary