1. What are the three components of the biopsychosocial model of mental health? How does each component affect the mental health of an individual? - The biopsychosocial model of mental health considers the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence the mental health of an individual. - The biological component includes the genetic, neurochemical, hormonal, and immune factors that affect the brain and body functions. - The psychological component includes the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and personality factors that affect the perception, interpretation, and coping of an individual. - The social component includes the environmental, cultural, interpersonal, and situational factors that affect the support, stress, and opportunities of an individual. - Each component can have positive or negative effects on the mental health of an individual depending on the balance, interaction, and adaptation of the factors. 2. What are some common signs and symptoms of depression? How can a nurse assess and intervene for a patient with depression? - Some common signs and symptoms of depression include: - Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness - Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities - Changes in appetite or weight - Insomnia or hypersomnia - Fatigue or loss of energy - Feelings of worthlessness or guilt - Difficulty concentrating or making decisions - Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide - A nurse can assess and intervene for a patient with depression by: - Using a validated screening tool such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) or the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to measure the severity and impact of depression - Asking open-ended questions to elicit the patient's feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to depression - Providing empathy, support, and validation to the patient - Educating the patient about depression, its causes, treatment options, and self-care strategies - Encouraging the patient to participate in activities that provide enjoyment, meaning, and social interaction - Collaborating with the patient to set realistic and achievable goals and monitor progress - Referring the patient to appropriate resources such as psychotherapy, medication, or crisis intervention as needed 3. What are some common types of anxiety disorders? How can a nurse differentiate between them based on their diagnostic criteria? - Some common types of anxiety disorders include: