1. What is the primary physiological goal of mechanical ventilation? - A) To increase oxygen delivery to tissues - B) To decrease respiratory muscle workload - C) To ensure proper carbon dioxide elimination - D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above Rationale: Mechanical ventilation aims to support or replace spontaneous breathing by ensuring adequate oxygenation, reducing the work of breathing, and maintaining appropriate CO2 levels. 2. Which mode of mechanical ventilation allows the patient to initiate breaths but provides a set tidal volume with each breath? - A) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) - B) Assist-Control Ventilation (ACV) - C) Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) - D) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Answer: B) Assist-Control Ventilation (ACV) Rationale: ACV provides a predetermined tidal volume with each breath, whether the breath is patient-initiated or machine-initiated. 3. In the context of mechanical ventilation, what does PEEP stand for? - A) Peak Expiratory End Pressure - B) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure - C) Post Expiration Enhancement Pressure - D) Pressure Equalization End Protocol Answer: B) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Rationale: PEEP refers to the pressure applied at the end of the expiration phase to prevent alveolar collapse and improve oxygenation. 4. What is the most common complication associated with mechanical ventilation? - A) Pneumothorax - B) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) - C) Barotrauma - D) Oxygen toxicity Answer: B) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) Rationale: VAP is a significant concern due to the invasive nature of