Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the (Points : 2)

 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per 

minute and shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens. 

Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? (Points : 2)

 The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates 

hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropicstimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release of cortisol.

What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances? (Points : 2

 It directly increases sodium reabsorption.

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? (Points : 2)

 It decreases serum calcium.

Where is oxytocin synthesized? (Points : 2)

 Posterior pituitary

Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? (Points : 2)

 Iodide

The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is the _____ pituitary. (Points : 2)

 posterior

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. 

This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone. (Points : 2)

 direct

Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? (Points : 2)

 Angiotensin II

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the (Points : 2)

 tubules of nephrons.

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? (Points : 2)

 Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is (Points : 2)

 protein on urinalysis.

A deficiency of which of the following may result in hypothyroidism? (Points : 2)

 Iodine

Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with (Points : 2)

 fine-needle aspiration biopsy

The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute (Points : 2)

 dilution and water retention.

Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and 

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? (Points : 2)

 Kussmaul respirations

The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include (Points : 2)

 hyperthermia and tachycardia.

What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus? (Points : 2)

 The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia.