1. What is the definition of population health and how does it differ from public health? (2 marks) - Population health is the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group. It differs from public health, which focuses on preventing disease and promoting healthy behaviors at the population level, by also considering the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health. (2 marks) 2. What are the three main components of the population health framework proposed by Kindig and Stoddart (2003)? (3 marks) - The three main components are health outcomes, health determinants, and policies and interventions. Health outcomes are the measures of health status of a population, such as mortality, morbidity, quality of life, etc. Health determinants are the factors that influence health outcomes, such as genetics, behavior, environment, etc. Policies and interventions are the actions taken to modify the health determinants and improve the health outcomes. (3 marks) 3. What are some examples of population health indicators and how are they used to monitor and evaluate population health? (5 marks) - Population health indicators are quantitative measures that reflect the health status or health determinants of a population. Some examples are life expectancy, infant mortality rate, prevalence of chronic diseases, smoking rate, air quality index, etc. They are used to monitor and evaluate population health by comparing them across different populations, over time, or against a target or a benchmark. They can also be used to identify health disparities, gaps, or priorities for action. (5 marks)