1. What are health disparities and what are some of the factors that contribute to them? (2 points) Health disparities are differences in health outcomes or access to health care that are related to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages. Some of the factors that contribute to health disparities are poverty, racism, discrimination, lack of education, lack of insurance, environmental hazards, and cultural barriers. 2. What is the role of nurses in addressing health disparities and promoting health equity? (2 points) Nurses play a key role in addressing health disparities and promoting health equity by providing culturally competent and patient-centered care, advocating for the needs and rights of vulnerable populations, educating patients and communities about health issues and prevention strategies, collaborating with other health professionals and stakeholders, conducting research and implementing evidence-based interventions, and influencing health policies and systems. 3. What are some of the benefits of having a diverse nursing workforce that reflects the population it serves? (2 points) A diverse nursing workforce can enhance the quality and effectiveness of health care by improving communication and trust between patients and providers, reducing cultural misunderstandings and biases, increasing access and utilization of health services, addressing the specific needs and preferences of different groups, and fostering innovation and creativity. 4. What are some of the challenges or barriers that nurses face when working with vulnerable populations? How can they overcome them? (2 points)