 Ethical decision making

o When making choices about ethical issues based on the standards of right vs wrong.

o It requires a systematic framework for addressing the complex and oftencontroversial moral

questions.

 Bioethical standards

o The study of healthcare ethics

o Bioethics takes on relevant ethical problems seen by healthcare providersin relation to care

 Telehealth

o wide range of health services that are delivered by telecommunicationsready tools, such as

telephone, videophone, and computer

o is needed to help fill the nursing shortage allowing nursing to see morepatients quicker, as well

as the aging population

o Telecommunication technologies used to deliver health-related services orto connect patients and 

healthcare providers to maximize patients’ health status.

o Arelatively new term in the medical/nursing vocabulary, referring to a widerange of health services 

that are delivered by telecommunications-ready tools such as the telephone, videophone, and

computer.

 Medical Applications

o Software developed for medical purposes, including home medical monitoring

system, medical databases for healthcareprofessionals, etc.

 Medical Devices

o is any device intended to be used for medical purposes

 FDA Oversight for Medical Devices

 Privacy

o An important issue related to personal information

o Restricted access of patient information or data

 Confidentiality

o To ensure that all personal information is protected by ensuring that limitedaccess is only given to

those who are authorized to view that information.

 Protecting privacy of personal information or data

 Cybersecurity

o the state of being protected against the criminal or unauthorized use ofelectronic data, or the

measures taken to achieve this.

o With the expansion of technology. Facilities are taken more precautions toprevent cyber attacks. 

With the move towards advancing cybersecurity is important, technology continues to grow.

Ensure all systems are adequately protected and patients remain safefrom harm

o NI are frequently called on to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of newdevices and software.

 Computer-aided translators

o is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses computer hardware to

support and facilitate the translation process.

 HIPPA

o was established in the U.S. in 1996 to protect an individual'spersonal health care

information.

o Signed by Pres. Bill Clinton

o Healthcare institutions are required to meet all standards andcomply with the 

appropriate security measures in order to safeguard patient data.

o Four parts to HIPAA's Administrative Simplification

 Electronic transactions and code sets standardsrequirements.

 Privacy requirements.

 Security requirements.

 National identifier requirements.

 ICD-10 Coding

o An alphanumeric code used by doctors, health insurance companies, and

public health agencies across the world torepresent diagnoses.

o The system offers accurate and up-to-date procedure codes to improve health care

cost and ensure fair reimbursement policies

o The current codes specifically help healthcare providers to identify patients in need of

immediate disease management andto tailor effective disease management programs.

 Similarly ICD and CPT coding go together

 Is a medical code set that is used to report medical,surgical, and

diagnostic procedures and services toentities such as physicians, 

health insurance companies and accreditation organizations.

 Evaluation and Management Coding

o Is a medical coding process in support of medical billing

o Practicing health care providers in the United States must use E/M codingto be reimbursed by 

Medicare, Medicaid programs, or private insurance for patient encounters.

 Reimbursement Coding

 Is based on claims and documentation filed by providers usingmedical diagnosis and 

procedure codes.

o Commercial payers must use standards defined by the U.S. Dep