DISCLAIMER- None of this is my original work. The first 11 pages are the completed study guide from a previous class. Pages 11 through 13 are the NR 601 course final exam review topics in outline form (Thanks Lisa Trevino!). Page 13-46 includes my notes from class and YouTube videos, Kennedy-Malone text (minimal), lessons, and some external research. When the information came from an external article, I included a link so that you do not use it as a test resource. Hopefully this is helpful for us as both a test and boards review. I kinda sorta (but not really because I’m over it) apologize for any typos. How to conduct Mini-Cog-  The Mini-Cog has been demonstrated to have comparable psychometric properties to the MMSE  The primary advantage of the Mini-Cog is that it is shorter than the MMSE and measures executive function.  It is composed of a three-item recall and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and takes about 3 minutes to administer  The Mini-Cog is a short dementia assessment that combines three-word recall with clock-drawing capability.  Patients are given a total score reflecting accuracy in clock drawing and recollection of the given three words.  A score of 0 to 2 is a positive screen for dementia Causes of delirium in elderly-  Causes of delirium are numerous and in elderly hospitalized patients there are often multiple etiologies, including metabolic, infection, cardiac, neurological, pulmonary, sensory impairments, medications, and toxins.  Regardless of cause, a consistent finding is significant reduction in regional cerebral perfusion during periods of delirium in comparison with blood flow patterns after recovery.  A possible neurological common pathway may involve acetylcholine and dopamine, and the disruption in the sleep-wake cycle in delirium indicates melatonin as a possible factor. (Kennedy-Malone 59) Agnosia  Loss of ability to identify objects ADA criteria for diagnosing DM-  FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h.*  2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as described by the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75-g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.*  A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a method that is NGSP certified and standardized to the DCCT assay.*  In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L). • Urinary incontinence-  Involuntary loss of urine from the bladder ▪ So common in women many consider it normal ▪ Common in older men w/ enlarged prostate o Can affect quality of life o Significance-One of the most common complains w/ older adults, Distress & embarrassment, Cost burden to pt & society as a whole, Not life-threatening, may effect QOL, PCP essential to educating individuals o Epidemiology- Increased prevalence w/ age in men & women, N