NR503 FINAL LATEST EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS / NR 503 FINAL LATEST EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NR503 FINAL LATEST EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

2022-2024 / NR 503 FINAL LATEST EXAM 180 QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS 2022-2024

The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic

epidemiology by means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs

the practitioner about which of the following - CORRECT ANSWER- Outcomes

that develop from an exposure

A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now

assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an

example of a population based outcome? - CORRECT ANSWER- Decreased

mortality rate compared to previous year

Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to

population health. Which of the following items should be considered during the

appraisal process? Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER- Outcome

measure, Transparency, Internal Validity

What is being compared in a cohort study design? - CORRECT ANSWER- The

incidence of a disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals

Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER- Studies that

investigate origins and casuals' factors of health-related events

You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and

disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: - CORRECT

ANSWER- Case-Control Study

The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality

rate for their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: -

CORRECT ANSWER- Vital statistic

An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease is: - CORRECT ANSWER- Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - CORRECT

ANSWER- It is an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions

It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups

A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for

reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an

additional study is done restricting the participants to be randomized to those who

have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be

claimed by the researchers? - CORRECT ANSWER- The generalizability of the

study is increased

What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to

one of the two drug treatment groups? - CORRECT ANSWER- Reduces selection

bias

After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who

had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other

cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI

who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes

the study design? - CORRECT ANSWER- Randomized clinical trial with stratified

randomization

After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,

while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely

to be true? - CORRECT ANSWER- Randomization was successful since the

investigators did not alter the selection of participants in either group in order to

ensure equal percentages of men

A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of

participants in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken

more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this

finding? - CORRECT ANSWER- The characteristics of patients who failed to

comply with the treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from

those who complied

Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the

study as a double-blind trial? - CORRECT ANSWER- Double blinding ensures

that potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced

The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.

Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control .....

brochures and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed

surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in

the table below. Which group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking? -

CORRECT ANSWER- Group QS

The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.

Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C

who received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received

brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting guide and support group QS who

received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures listing benefits of

smoking cessation, and telephone support group T who received the brochures and

a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8,

16, and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table

below. What is the main purpose of randomization in this study? - CORRECT

ANSWER- To avoid assigning more persons who have tried and failed to quit in

the past to the control group

Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of

80% and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5%

prevalence of the disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is the

best reason for changing the order of the tests? - CORRECT ANSWER- The total

number of false positives found by both tests is decreased if Test B is given first

This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR)

angiography compared to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of

coronary artery disease) in a high-risk population of patients scheduled to undergo

x-ray angiography for suspected coronary artery disease.After reviewing the results

of the test comparison, an epidemiologist decides that the specificity of the test is

too low. Using the same CMR images, he raises the cutoff value for a positive test

to increase the specificity. What is the likely effect on the sensitivity? - CORRECT

ANSWER- Sensitivity will decrease